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Spanish in Cuernavaca - Mexico
Arabic roots

English or Spanish speaker probably do not even imagine that they speak more Arabic than they think they do. It's not "real" Arabic they are speaking, but rather words that come from Arabic. After Latin and English, Arabic is probably the biggest contributor of words to the Spanish language, and a large portion of English-Spanish cognates (words that the two language share) that don't come from Latin, but from Arabic.

The Spanish words of Arabic origin are those that start with "al-," such as álgebra, Alá, álkali and alkimia (algebra, Allah, alkali, and alchemy in English). But they are far from the only ones. A variety of other types of common words such as café, cero, and azucár (coffee, zero, and sugar in English) also come from Arabic.

The etymology of Spanish words goes beyond these lines, but the introduction of Arabic words into Spanish began in earnest in the eighth century, although even before then some words of Latin and Greek origin had roots in Arabic. People living in, what is now Spain, spoke Latin at one time, of course, but over the centuries Spanish and other Romance languages such as French and Italian gradually differentiated themselves.

The Latin dialect that eventually became Spanish was highly influenced by the invasion of the Arabic-speaking Moors (Moros) in 711. For many centuries, Latin/Spanish and Arabic existed side by side, and even today many Spanish place names retain Arabic roots. It wasn't until late in the 15th century that the Moors were expelled, and by then literally thousands of Arabic words had become part of Spanish.

Following are only some of the most common Arabic-origin Spanish words that can come across. Many of the words are a part of English as well, but most Arabic words in English probably entered English by other routes.
 

Spanish

English

Spanish

English

aceite

oil

fez

fez

adobe

adobe

fulano

what's his name

aduana

customs (at border)

gacela

gazelle

ajedrez

chess

guitarra

guitar

Alá

Allah

harén

harem

alacrán

scorpion

hasta

until

albacora

albacore

imán

imam

albahaca

basil

jaque

check (chess)

alberca

swimming pool

jaque mate

checkmate

alcade

mayor

jirafa

giraffe

alcázar

fortress, palace

laca

lacquer

alcoba

bedroom, alcove

lila

lilac

alcohol

alcohol

lima

lime

aldea

village (as alderman)

límon

lemon

alfombra

carpet

macabro

macabre

algarroba

carob

marfil

marble, ivory

algodón

cotton

masacre

massacre

algoritmo

algorithm

máscara

mask

alkimia

alchemy

mazapán

marzipan

almacén

storage

mezquita

mosque

almanaque

almanac

momia

mummy

almohada

pillow

mono

monkey

alquiler

to rent

muslim

muslim

arroz

rice

naranja

orange

asesino

assassin

ojalá

God willing, I hope

atún

tuna

ojo

eye

ayatolá

ayatollah

olé

bravo

azafrán

saffron

paraiso

paradise

azúcar

sugar

ramadán

Ramadan

azul

blue (as azure)

rehén

hostage

baño

bathroom

rincón

corner

barrio

district

sorbete

sherbet

berenjena

eggplant

sofá

sofa

burca

burqa

rubio

blond

café

coffee

talco

talc

cero

zero

tamarindo

tamarind

chisme

gossip, gadget

tarea

task

Córan

Koran

tarifa

tariff

cuzcuz

couscous

toronja

grapefruit

dada

die (plural dice)

zanahoria

carrot

embarazada

pregnant